However, it is quite expensive and takes much time to get operating output characteristics of PV arrays under non uniform working conditions. Furthermore, the mismatch losses and hotspot effects caused by partially shading cannot only affect the output power of solar system also can bring security and reliability problem. Under such partial shading conditions, the operation of PV arrays get more complicated with more than one peak and it is very important to predict the characteristics to obtain possible maximum power. Often PV arrays get shadowed fully or partially by passing cloud, building, poles, trees, etc. The performance of a PV array strongly depends on operating environmental conditions such as operating temperature, solar insolation, shading array configuration. Solar module is considered as fundamental power transformation unit of Photovoltaic (PV) generation system.
